Net Asset Value
Net asset value, or NAV, is how the underlying worth of an investment fund or holding entity is calculated at a given point in time. Take everything the fund owns — securities, real estate interests, cash, receivables — add it up at current market value, then subtract everything owed: loans, accrued fees, other liabilities. What remains is the NAV. When divided by the number of outstanding shares or units, it becomes the per-unit NAV, which is the price at which investors typically buy into or redeem from the fund.
Family offices encounter NAV in several places. Private equity funds and hedge funds report NAV to show investors their current economic interest. Special-purpose legal entities — holding companies, limited partnerships — may calculate NAV internally to track consolidated family wealth. When a family is evaluating a co-investment alongside a fund manager, the fund's most recent NAV is a starting point for understanding the value of the underlying portfolio.
A common confusion is treating NAV as a precise, real-time number. For publicly traded funds like money-market funds, NAV is calculated daily. For private funds holding illiquid assets, NAV is an estimate — based on appraisals, model valuations, or manager judgment — and can lag actual market conditions. Families working with a CIO or external managers should understand how frequently and by what method NAV is calculated for each holding.